eCommerce Business Models: Types & Examples in 2023

eСommerce has changed traditional business models in various ways: now, getting your store online is the best way to market your products and maximize profits, whether you sell to individuals or businesses. This means business models moved from a simple “seller-buyer” model to a range of different selling methods depending on the seller type and the target buyers. 

Selecting the best ecommerce business model and strategy for your business isn't as easy as it seems: you should learn about all the types of modern ecommerce and track the latest trends. There are six different types of ecommerce business models, and choosing the one that suits your business can be challenging.

In this article, we've carefully explained the differences and benefits of business models, provided ecommerce business examples, and detailed classification for those who currently choose their business model. 

1. THE 6 MAIN TYPES OF ECOMMERCE MODELS 
2. THE 6 TYPES OF REVENUE MODELS IN ECOMMERCE
3. EXAMPLES OF ECOMMERCE BUSINESS MODELS
4. BENEFITS OF BUSINESS MODELS OF ECOMMERCE
5. TYPES OF ECOMMERCE WEBSITES
6. TYPES OF ECOMMERCE PLATFORMS
7. WHAT ARE ECOMMERCE BUSINESS MODELS CLASSIFICATIONS ACCORDING TO WHAT THEY SELL
8. SOCIAL MEDIA AND ECOMMERCE
9. SELECTING YOUR ECOMMERCE BUSINESS MODEL
10. WHY CAN VIRTO COMMERCE COVER THEM ALL
11. FAQS

You might be wondering what the ecommerce business models are. eCommerce business models and concepts are businesses' strategies to sell products online. There are several ways startups operate to sell their goods and services, and it's important to adopt a model that best promotes your business. 
 
Here are six different ecommerce business models and strategies suitable for getting your online selling started: 

• Business-to-business (B2B) 
• Business-to-customer (B2C) 
• Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) 
• Business-to-administration (B2A) 
• Consumer-to-business (C2B) 
• Consumer-to-administration (C2A) 

Let’s dive into each of these business models to learn their peculiarities and idea. 

The Business-to-business model of ecommerce means selling goods and offering services to other businesses. In this model, your audience is usually companies who use your products or sell directly to the final consumer. 
 
B2B requires lots of investing and huge capital as you'll be selling in large quantities. Software ecommerce giants, including HubSpot, Salesforce, Survey Monkey, etc., commonly utilize the model. 
 
You can choose the B2B model if your business involves marketing to other businesses and you have the budget to maintain a bulk supply of goods. 

If your business aims to sell directly to the end users, then the ecommerce B2C business model is your best bet. This is a business model e-commerce utilizes most often. 
 
The business-to-consumer model is the most common ecommerce model, and it is simply selling directly to consumers online. Companies such as Alibaba, Amazon, and Walmart practice the B2C model. 
 
You need to set up an online store and display the products you sell on the website. Then buyers browse through your site to place orders; you'll receive the orders, package the products, and deliver them. 
 
With the B2C ecommerce business model, you can sell to people worldwide, and it doesn't require as much capital as B2B.

The consumer-to-consumer model is an emerging ecommerce business model involving buying and selling between consumers using third-party platforms. 
 
You might want to sell a new or used product by listing it on a third-party platform, such as OLX, Craigslist, or eBay. Potential buyers will check and contact you to buy. This is simply how the C2C ecommerce model works. 
 
The third-party platforms will only charge a small amount as a commission for using their website. 

Business-to-administration (B2A), also referred to as Business-to-Government (B2G), is a type of ecommerce business model involving companies and government agencies or public administrations. B2A companies are new ecommerce business models. 
 
The B2A model enables companies or manufacturers to sell their services or products to government agencies by signing a long-term contract. For example, a Saas company can sign a contract with the government to help maintain the state's military-grade web communications portal. 
 
B2A strategies are good business models for ecommerce SaaS companies and other startups that render services to the government.

For freelancers and work-from-home individuals looking to offer their services to companies, the customer-to-business ecommerce model is a perfect choice. 
 
C2B is a business model that helps businesses reach talents who can offer solutions or quality services. For instance, Upwork is a marketplace that connects freelancers and companies. The services offered include content writing, copywriting, graphic designing, web development, UI/UX designing, consulting, and many more. 
 
The ecommerce model is slowly gaining popularity, and it helps individual customers set their prices and work with companies worldwide from the comfort of their homes. 

Customer-to-administration, popularly known as customer-to-government, is another business model of ecommerce very similar to B2A. This is one of the most challenging business models ecommerce can offer. 
 
In C2A, a customer conducts transactions directly with government agencies by providing something of value via online means. This can be paying taxes, water, electrical bills, or something as simple as providing feedback on a government website. 

Now that you know the differences between the different types of e-business models and strategies, selecting the best option for your business should be easy. 
 
The next step is deciding which type of revenue model for ecommerce best suits your brand. Although this seems like a straightforward decision, it can also be quite challenging. 
Here are the top six revenue models for ecommerce: 

• Selling your products to customers 
• Selling "White label" products 
• Wholesaling 
• Dropshipping 
• Selling by subscriptions 
• Using a freemium model 

The most successful ecommerce type is the Business-to-consumer. This is due to its popularity, and it follows a standard retail model. However, we can see great growth in the B2B sector lately, as many companies aim to optimize their processes, including procurement, so they aim to buy in bulk from the bigger resellers.

Selling your products directly to customers helps you cut costs by eliminating middlemen. 
 
The direct-to-customer model is a great way for online stores to build a loyal relationships with customers, and you can easily customize your customer experience. 
Online retailers like Warby Parker, Glossier, and Casper practice this type of e-business model.

White labeling is a business model and strategy that involves branding a third-party product and selling it as your product. 
 
White labeling is common in the health and fashion industry. An example is a cosmetic brand that buys a particular type of body cream from a third-party brand and sells it under its name. The image and design of the cosmetic brand will be presented on the product, depicting their ownership. 

Wholesaling is an ecommerce model and strategy that involves selling goods in large quantities to businesses at a discounted price. This model is common to manufacturers and online retailers. 
 
Venturing into wholesaling requires huge capital and a large inventory. However, the model has high risks and thin profit margins. Many B2B brands and a few B2C companies apply this business strategy.

Want to sell products without holding inventory? Dropshipping is your answer. 
 
Dropshipping is an ecommerce revenue model that allows you to market and sell items by acting as an intermediary between a buyer and a supplier. You eliminate the costs of holding inventory, warehousing, and shipping. 
 
You can set up an ecommerce website and display products of different brands with your own added price. When a buyer places an order, you notify the supplier who handles the tracking and delivery of the product, then you gain a commission from the price. 
 
You are only responsible for running ads and getting traffic to your ecommerce site. 

A subscription-based ecommerce revenue model enables customers to buy and subscribe to a service or product for a defined period - usually lasting for a month or year. 
 
Most software companies adopt the subscription e-business model, including Website builders, Payroll software, Accounting solutions, and many others. The model is not limited to Tech giants only, as ecommerce giants like Netflix, Blue Apron, Amazon Prime, and ButcherBox also use the model. 
 
However, the business model doesn't apply to every business line; it works well if you're in the fashion, food, pet products, movie, or beauty industry.

Freemium is an ecommerce business marketing strategy that involves making some product or service features accessible to users for free while charging a premium price for the additional features. 
 
The model is mostly used by Social media enterprises like Hootsuite, Music providers like Spotify, and Software companies that make games and mobile applications. 
 
For instance, Spotify offers users a basic plan with few features and lots of restrictions. However, the premium plan allows users to enjoy all features and stream unlimitedly. 

The ecommerce market is enormous, and many examples of ecommerce business models exist. For example, popular e-stores like Amazon, Aliexpress, and Walmart can be either wholesalers or dropshippers. We can also name streaming platforms like Netflix, Spotify, and YouTube. 

Furthermore, some e-businesses serve as marketplaces for connecting freelancers and companies such as Upwork and Fiverr. Lastly, there are tech giants like Microsoft, Apple, and Samsung. Here, we provide a list of successful businesses based on their revenue model:

eCommerce enables online store owners to expand their business and also maximize profits. You can increase your business's profitability easily by using an ecommerce business model that aligns with your brand. 
 
Here, we take a look at some of the benefits of business models of ecommerce.

Most business owners spend a handsome amount of money setting up their stores. You have to pay your staff, foot electricity bills, pay rent, buy stock, and manage product delivery. 
With ecommerce, you can eliminate operating costs. Set up an ecommerce website, promote your products, and make profits at minimal costs. 

eCommerce helps customers spend less time shopping. Buyers can browse through the digital website catalog to place orders. You receive orders and dispatch the goods fast and easily. 

Marketing your products has never been easier. You don't need the traditional hiring of sales marketers to promote your brand. You can run paid ads to generate traffic and connect with buyers faster. 

eCommerce platforms help boost your brands' reach. Your website can be accessed by millions of people worldwide. A larger reach contributes to higher sales.

Given the fact that you can reach a whole lot of people around the world using ecommerce, it gives room for you to sell your products globally. 
Amazon, for example, ships products to over 100 countries worldwide.

We've decimated the different types of ecommerce business models and revenue models so far. You should have an e-business model and revenue model in mind by now. 
Moreover, there's one more aspect to consider before starting your electronic commerce journey. You need a website to market your products and services. There are multiple examples of ecommerce business model websites. 
 
Here's a carefully curated list of the types of ecommerce websites and their functions. 

A single-brand website is a dedicated website that only promotes an individual brand's products and services. 
When setting up your ecommerce store for the first time, a single-brand website is best to start with. Your website displays only your goods and services, and you can sell directly to buyers without any intermediary. 
With a single-brand website, you have more control over the pricing and branding of your business.

An online retail website is ideal for businesses that sell large quantities of products from multiple manufacturers. It is the most common ecommerce website. 
 
Large entities, such as Amazon or Etsy, usually own the website. Multiple online vendors use online retail websites to promote their business, but they have no control over branding and pricing. 
 
Online retail websites are good alternatives for smaller businesses or vendors who want to test customer demands for their products before starting out. 

Affiliate marketing is a marketing strategy whereby businesses permit individuals to promote their products for commissions on the sale price. 
 
The seller is known as an affiliate marketer. For this to work, the affiliate marketer sets up an affiliate website to promote the owner's products. The affiliate marketer only gets rewarded a percentage of the product's price whenever a sale is made.

An ecommerce marketplace helps connect sellers and buyers under a single platform. 
Sellers list products on ecommerce marketplaces to attract buyers. The marketplace owners are responsible for conducting customer transactions while the sellers handle the shipment. 
Marketplaces impose certain rules and restrictions on what can be sold on their platform, and they take little commissions on each product sold. 

Successfully set up your website? What next? 
Once you've gotten your website up and running, finding the right ecommerce platform for your business comes next. 
 
An ecommerce platform is software that runs your business' website. It offers tools for effectively managing and navigating your ecommerce site. 
 
 
Here are five ecommerce platforms to consider.

Software as a Service, commonly known as SaaS, is a cloud-based platform with intuitive features that helps ecommerce website owners manage their online store properly. 
 
It is easy to set up and doesn't require any technical learning curve. SaaS ecommerce solutions offer businesses responsive customer support, security and PCI compliance, integration compatibility, and lots of marketing tools.

An open-source platform is software with free source code. Users can easily modify the free source code to suit their business needs. 
Open-source software offers high flexibility and customization, allowing users to have full control over the interface of their website. It fits both small businesses and enterprises.

A licensed e-commerce platform is software you purchase for your business. It comes with a support package and gives you access to updates for up to a year. 
 
The software is similar to an open-source platform as you need to get hosting, update it, and install the software yourself. Unlike open-sourced platforms, the software isn't free. It attracts a starting fee and doesn't provide source code. 
 
It is a better alternative to an open-sourced platform if you have the time and financial capability to buy a license and set up the software.

Proprietary software is software developed solely by a business. It offers full control of the data center to users. 
Business owners with coding know-how can opt for a proprietary ecommerce platform. It is tailored to meet the exact needs of a business. 
 
However, it is quite exorbitant to create, and it requires full responsibility of users for its security and PCI compliance.

PaaS is an acronym for Platform as a Service. It is best for large companies as it helps them handle advanced and complex business aspects. 
You can build your software on a PaaS platform and connect it to other business systems. eCommerce platform is a common option in large B2B organizations. 

The ecommerce market is voluminous, and we've discussed the business models in ecommerce, revenue models, ecommerce websites, and various ecommerce platforms. 
Additionally, we can classify ecommerce business models further based on the kinds of products they sell. 
Below are the e-business model types according to the products sold.

The key to success in your ecommerce business is selecting the best and hottest products to sell.

The most common form of ecommerce business is selling physical products. You can have a physical store and still set up a store online. Depending on the amount of stock you have, customers can place orders on your online store, and you'll deliver the products to them physically. 

This can also be applied to rendering services. Customers can book a session online, and you'll fix a date to render your services to them.

At times, running an ecommerce business doesn't require holding inventory as you can simply promote services that help businesses sell their products. This form of e-business is referred to as being a service-based retailer. 
 
A very good example is having a group of house cleaners or hairstylists who can render in-house services to customers. You can set up a website that promotes these services, and interested customers will reach out.

There's a growing number of businesses selling digital products. Products can range from songs, videos, pictures, ebooks, courses, and many more. 

All these products are digitized and only exist on the web. Giant ecommerce platforms such as Spotify, Udemy, Amazon Prime, and GameMaker, sell digital products. 

The world is going more digital, and the ecommerce market is continuously evolving. Over the last decade, one significant change in the ecommerce industry is how businesses have increased their reach and online presence through social media. 
 
Most businesses now have accounts on virtually all social media platforms. They can now easily generate traffic, leads, and profits by leveraging the vast number of social media users. 
 
Some brands use social media to promote their products. They post products on their pages and also run Ads. Additionally, customers can easily reach out to businesses to make inquiries or lay complaints. 
 
Lastly, large companies can use social media to make announcements about upcoming projects or services. They can announce changes in their policies and terms of use, announce new products, and introduce new services. 
 
With the aforementioned, we can see that social media is of utmost importance to ecommerce, and it helps businesses in so many ways. 

Now that you know the different types of ecommerce models, strategies, revenue models, websites, and platforms. It's pertinent you know some other key areas of the e-business sector before getting started. Despite the immense potential and incredible worth of the ecommerce market, it isn't so easy to thrive in the sector.  

Businesses face lots of competition in each niche, and according to forensics, most startups fail in their first ten years. The failure results from a lack of knowledge about the business models and inadequate capital to maintain the business. Here are some questions you need to answer to reach your goal successfully.

The lifeblood of any online business is a set of responsive customers. 
 
Prior to kick-starting your ecommerce business, you need to define your target audience. Are they private individuals or government agencies? Public administrations? Or other businesses? These are questions you need to answer before venturing into online selling. 

Another vital factor to consider is your budget and the type of products or services you can offer. 
 
You can sell high-end products or stick to low-budget ones depending on your financial capability. What kind of goods and services are you capable of providing? Are they pet products? Apparel for private individuals or Government agencies? 
 
Also, you need to determine how well you can market your products to cut costs and maximize profits. 

Determining the best way to improve your products to serve customers better is also crucial when starting your business. 

You can decide what is best for your product by asking who would your product best serve. Where exactly would your product demand be high? Who needs your product the most? 

Studying e-markets and analyzing the demand of individuals and organizations is important in choosing the best model. 

Lastly, you need to know your standing in the ecommerce market to gain ground quickly. 
Do you know what your place in the ecommerce market is? You have to know your competitors and devise means to edge over them. Knowing your market position allows you to make proper preparations to attain a competitive advantage.

Mostly tailored for B2B ecommerce, the Virto Commerce platform can actually cover it all: the open-source API-based system allows integration of any third-party solution and easy scaling to reach any goal.  

With Virto, businesses can build multistore ecommerce platforms for any type of business and even combine them on one platform. If you want to learn more about Virto Solutions and what value the platform can add to your business, contact our expert team or request a free demo.